Due to the influence of data, technology, aging of parts and human factors, the loader will inevitably present a variety of problems during operation. However, if we can correctly analyze the causes of various faults and adopt useful and targeted preventive measures to slow down the damage of mechanical parts as much as possible, we can effectively avoid mechanical faults and extend the service life of the loader.
1. Ensure normal working load
The size and nature of the load of the loader have an important influence on the process of mechanical wear. In general, the wear of parts increases in proportion to the load. When the load received by the part is higher than the average planned load, its wear will increase. In addition, when the other conditions are the same, the stable load has less wear and tear than the dynamic load, and has fewer defects and lower life. Experiments show that when the engine is operated under an unstable load and when it is operated under a stable load, the wear of its cylinder will increase twice. Engines operating under normal load have a low incidence of disease and extended life. On the contrary, for engines that are overloaded, the incidence of faults has increased significantly, and the number of lives will also be reduced compared to planned targets. The amount of mechanical wear that is often in a wide range of load changes is greater than that of machines that work steadily. Under normal circumstances, the engine used by the generator has a longer life than the engine used by the bulldozer and loader.
Make sure the normal working load depends on the operator's use of construction machinery. One should pay attention to not being able to work under the maximum load that the machine can accept, and to use the machine under the conditions of its ability. As the construction machinery management personnel, when designating the operator, it is necessary to give the construction machinery random materials and operation manuals to the operator, so that they can normally grasp the mechanical functions and operation regulations, and should not deduct the relevant information at will. Second, it is necessary to ensure that the mechanical load is evenly increased and decreased, so that the machine is in a steeper load change. Specifically, it is necessary to increase and decrease the throttle more evenly to avoid the ups and downs of the engine and work equipment.
2. Make sure the machine is reasonably smooth
The wearer of the part working surface, the corrosion of the part surface and the aging of the data are the three main forms of mechanical parts replacement under normal operating conditions, and the failure caused by the wear of the part working surface accounts for the largest share. That is to say, the wear of machinery is one of the main reasons for its various parts to reach the limit of skills. Then, solve the problem of wear of mechanical parts. In addition to selecting excellent materials, selecting advanced manufacturing processes, and planning a reasonable mechanical structure, an important task to be done during the application process is to ensure a reasonable and smooth machine. According to statistics, more than half of the problems with construction machinery are caused by poor smoothness. Due to the precision of the cooperation of various parts of construction machinery, good smoothness can make it adhere to the normal operating gap and the appropriate operating temperature, and then reduce the wear of the parts and reduce mechanical defects. Normal and reasonable smoothness is one of the useful ways to reduce mechanical problems. To this end, one must choose a reasonable lubricant, according to the type of machinery and the structure of the use of the normal type of smoothing agent, according to the requirements of the machine to select the appropriate quality group, according to the requirements of the machine to select the appropriate quality grade, based on Select the appropriate smoothing agent trademark for the working environment of the machine and different seasons. In use, neither low-grade smoothing agents nor other types of smoothing agents can be used, nor can defective 名媛直播 be used. The second is to always check the quantity and quality of smoothing agent. Insufficient quantity should be added in time, and poor quality should be replaced in time. Those who use different types and trademarks of lubricant substitutes under emergency conditions must clean the smoothing system afterwards and replace the normal lubricants in time.
3. Minimize the impact of harmful factors
(1) Reduce the influence of temperature
In operation, the temperature of each part has its own normal range. For example, the temperature of the general cooling water is 80-90 ℃, and the temperature of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic transmission system is 30-60 ℃. If the temperature is lower than or exceeds this range, the wear of the parts will be accelerated, the smooth oil will change, and the data function will change. Experiments show that the main transmission gears and bearings of various construction machinery work in -5 ℃ smooth oil than in 3 ℃ smooth oil, the wear will increase 10-12 times. However, when the temperature is too high, it will accelerate the transformation of smooth oil. For example, when the temperature of the oil exceeds 55-60 ° C, the oxidation rate of the oil will increase twice when the oil temperature increases by 5 ° C. For this reason, during the operation of construction machinery, one must avoid overloading at low temperatures, ensure normal operation at the low-speed preheating stage, and allow the machine to reach the regular temperature before proceeding with the drive or operation, and do not ignore it because it does not present problems at the time. Its important effect; Second, it is necessary to avoid the operation of the machine at high temperatures. During the operation of the machine, it is necessary to always check the values on various temperature meters. If problems are found, the machine will be stopped immediately to check. If the cause cannot be found for a while, the machine must not be operated without treatment. In normal operations, pay attention to check the operating status of the cooling system. For water-cooled machinery, it is necessary to check and add cooling water before daily operations; for air-cooled machinery, it is necessary to regularly arrange the dust on the air-cooled system to ensure that the cooling air duct is smooth.
(2) Reduce the influence of mechanical impurities
Mechanical impurities generally refer to dust, soil and other non-metallic substances and some metal shavings and wear 名媛直播 that occur during the operation of construction machinery. Once these impurities enter the machine and reach the cooperation surface of the machine, the harm is great. Not only will the relative motion be blocked, the wear of the parts will be accelerated, and the cooperation surface will be scratched, the smooth oil film will be damaged, and the temperature of the parts will rise High, smooth oil metamorphosis. It is determined that when the mechanical impurities in the smooth are added to 0.15%, the wear speed of the first piston ring of the engine will be 2.5 times greater than the normal value; when the rolling shaft enters the impurity particles, its life will be reduced by 80% -90%. Therefore, regarding construction machinery operating in locations with harsh environments and messy conditions, one must use high-quality, supporting parts and smooth oil and grease to block the source of harmful impurities; , To ensure that the corresponding arrangements can work properly, to avoid various impurities entering the machine. Try to repair the loader that has problems with a regular loader repair company. During the on-site repair, protective measures should also be taken to prevent the parts replaced during the on-site repair from being contaminated by dust and other impurities before entering the machine.
(3) Reduction of various corrosion effects
The phenomenon that metal surfaces and surrounding media suffer damage due to chemical or electrochemical effects is called corrosion. This corrosion effect will not only affect the normal operation of the external equipment of the machine, but also corrode the parts inside the machine. Such as rainwater, chemical substances in the air, etc., enter the interior of the machine through the external channels and gaps of mechanical parts, corrode the interior of the mechanical parts, accelerate mechanical wear, and add mechanical defects. Because this corrosive effect is sometimes invisible and untouchable, and simple underpants ignore it, it is more harmful. In operation, management and operation personnel should adopt useful methods according to the local weather conditions and air pollution conditions at that time to reduce the impact of chemical corrosion on the machinery, and the focus is to avoid the intrusion of rainwater and chemical components in the air on the machinery.
4. Adopting the right skills and arrangement management methods
With the development of data science and planning and manufacturing skills, many new skills, new materials and new structures have been selected for construction machinery, which requires mechanical skills to ensure and manage operations more scientifically and more comprehensively. For this reason, as the management and operation personnel of construction machinery, one must pay attention to ensure that the machinery avoids damage, deformation, corrosion, etc. of the machinery during the transportation and storage process. Second, it is necessary to strictly enforce the daily protection work of the machinery, so that the machinery is in good technical condition. The third is to educate the operators to use and operate all kinds of construction machinery correctly, to reduce and avoid mechanical problems caused by human error. Fourth, we must maintain the machinery carefully, and we must perform correct and reasonable scheduled and unscheduled maintenance, adhere to the cleaning and cleanliness of the machinery, regularly check the technical status of the machinery, find abnormal handling in a timely manner, and tighten and adjust the loose and out-of-tune parts in time , Preventive replacement of some wearing parts.
5. Seasonal repair
Mechanism will inevitably show various problems in the process of operation. Among these problems, some of the problems may have a very small impact on mechanical equipment, and some of them are more serious, and may even cause major incidents of aircraft destruction and death. Experience has shown that serious mechanical problems are often caused by some minor problems. The reason is that it ignores the timely treatment of minor problems. Therefore, regarding mechanical problems, no matter the size should be removed in time, so as to maintain the normal function of the machine and reduce the possibility of causing more problems. In a sense, the timely treatment of the faults presented is a useful way to reduce and avoid the faults. The so-called seasonal treatment is to carry out regular maintenance and repair of the machine in accordance with the repair and maintenance regulations. Various groups of maintenance and repair must be carried out as required. The existing various maintenance and repair standards are a summary of many years of practical experience, which is scientific and reasonable. Without serious technical progress and innovation, these regulations are absolutely instructive for the repair and maintenance of construction machinery. Sexually, it is necessary to comply with the implementation. The second is to strengthen the timing and irregular viewing of construction machinery during the application process, to understand the operation status of the machinery in a timely manner, and to deal with the temporary problems in a timely manner. Into a bigger problem.
