Discharge of lead storage battery:
When the positive and negative plates of the lead battery are immersed in the electrolyte, a static electromotive force of about 2.1V will be generated between the positive and negative plates. At this time, if a load is connected, the current will flow from the positive electrode of the battery Flowing through the external circuit to the negative electrode of the battery, this process is called discharge. The discharge process of the battery is the process of converting chemical energy into electrical energy.
During discharge, Pb02 (lead dioxide) on the positive electrode plate and Pb (lead) on the negative electrode plate react with H2S04 (sulfuric acid) in the electrolyte to produce lead sulfate (PbS04), which is deposited on the positive and negative electrode plates. The H2S04 in the electrolyte continues to decrease and the density decreases.
Lead battery charging:
When charging, the positive and negative poles of the battery are connected to the positive and negative poles of the DC power supply, respectively. When the terminal voltage of the charging power supply is higher than the electromotive force of the battery, under the action of the electric field, current flows in from the positive pole of the battery and the negative pole flows out. The process is called charging. The battery charging process is the process of converting electrical energy into chemical energy.
When charging, PbS04 on the positive and negative plates is reduced to Pb02 and Pb, H2S04 in the electrolyte increases, and the density increases.
The inspection of the battery can be visually checked by the density meter. Generally speaking, the electric eye of the density meter shows:
Green: The battery is in normal use;
Black: need to add electricity;
White: The battery needs to be replaced.
However, the electric eye of the densitometer only indicates the status of one cell in the battery. To determine the state of the entire battery, you need to use a multimeter and other testing tools.-In general, the normal voltage of a fully charged battery is 12.6-12.8 volts. When it is lower than 12 volts, you need to add electricity; if the voltage is still lower than 12 volts after charging, the battery needs to be replaced.
