Because the wheel loader always runs or operates under various complicated conditions, the working environment is relatively harsh, coupled with the design, manufacturing, and use reasons, the performance of the wheel loader is greatly reduced. The following is a summary of the causes of the wheel loader failure, roughly in the following six aspects:
1. The design is flawed
The structure of the wheel loader is relatively complicated, and the working conditions of the various assemblies and parts are quite different. Due to the lack of sufficient consideration and understanding of the working conditions of the wheel loader, some parts cannot be fully adapted to the various operating conditions. The needs of operating conditions reveal the weakness of the design during use, which is prone to failure;
2. Defects in assembly manufacturing
During the processing of the parts of the wheel loader, because the process requirements are not strictly followed or the process itself is unreasonable, the geometric shape or mechanical properties of the parts cannot be guaranteed, and the parts are damaged early.
In the assembly process, due to improper adjustment or inability to adjust, the fit gap of the parts cannot meet the necessary technical conditions, which destroys the mutual position of the parts assembly, causes early damage to the parts, and affects the technical status of the wheel loader; in addition, due to lack of pre-assembly The necessary inspection methods will also cause damage to the wheel loader due to improper parts selection and inspection.
3. Affected by external conditions during operation
The external conditions that affect the operation of the wheel loader are mainly the weather environment (high temperature, tropical, plateau, etc.), the work site and the work object: for example, too high temperature can easily cause poor heat dissipation of the diesel engine, cause the machine to overheat, and reduce the viscosity of the lubricating oil, and the lubrication effect When the temperature is too low, the thermal efficiency of the diesel engine decreases, the economy becomes worse, and the viscosity of the lubricating oil increases, which makes the lubrication conditions worse and accelerates the wear of parts. The low temperature will also make it difficult to start the diesel engine.
The working site and the working objects have a great influence on the service life of the wheel loader: for example, when working on a rough and rugged site, the vehicle is violently bumped and oscillated, and the structural parts of the wheel loader are easily damaged, and the denser working objects will damage the working tools , Foreign objects such as gravel in the site will scratch the tire and affect its service life. Excessive dust on the working site will cause the diesel engine to wear out quickly.
4. Improper use of oil
In use, in order to ensure the normal operation of the wheel loader, suitable fuel, lubricating oil (grease), hydraulic transmission oil, hydraulic oil, gear oil, brake oil, etc. must be reasonably selected. Otherwise, it will aggravate the wear of the wheel loader's various assemblies and parts, reduce the performance of the wheel loader, and deteriorate its technical condition.
The quality of diesel has a great influence on the wear of engine parts. Diesel is of poor quality and poor evaporation, which will prolong the afterburning period, make the diesel engine work rough, and accelerate the wear of parts.
The quality of lubricating oil has a direct impact on the quality of lubrication. Viscosity is an important indicator of lubricating oil. If the viscosity is too high, the fluidity will be poor. If the viscosity is too low, the oil film cannot be formed on the matching friction surface, which will aggravate the wear of the machine parts.
The hydraulic transmission system, working hydraulic system, etc. also have very strict requirements on oil, and improper selection will cause adverse effects on the transmission system or working hydraulic system.
5. Improper operation
Because the operator is not familiar with the operating procedures or technically unskilled, and cannot operate the machine in a coordinated manner, the wheel loader components are damaged or accidents occur due to negligence or error during driving or operation.
Overloading of wheel loaders is also a non-ignorable cause of damage to mechanical parts and even accidents. In the working process, if the load is often overloaded or overloaded for a long time, high-intensity operation will cause the wheel loader to rise quickly and high temperature, and cause premature damage to the wheel loader's parts.
6. Improper maintenance
Due to the harsh working environment of the wheel loader, it is very important to maintain the wheel loader on time. Many major failures of the wheel loader are caused by improper maintenance of the wheel loader. ,
In addition, failure to perform repairs in accordance with the specified technical requirements, improper assembly or adjustment during the repair process, or poor quality parts used will cause the wheel loader to malfunction.
